EP0758693A1 - Semi-finished product for composite material - Google Patents

Semi-finished product for composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0758693A1
EP0758693A1 EP95112661A EP95112661A EP0758693A1 EP 0758693 A1 EP0758693 A1 EP 0758693A1 EP 95112661 A EP95112661 A EP 95112661A EP 95112661 A EP95112661 A EP 95112661A EP 0758693 A1 EP0758693 A1 EP 0758693A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
finished product
semi
threads
product according
knitted fabric
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EP95112661A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0758693B1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Buck
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BUCK, ALFRED
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Individual
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Priority to EP95112661A priority Critical patent/EP0758693B1/en
Priority to AT95112661T priority patent/ATE207554T1/en
Priority to DE59509754T priority patent/DE59509754D1/en
Publication of EP0758693A1 publication Critical patent/EP0758693A1/en
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Publication of EP0758693B1 publication Critical patent/EP0758693B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • thermoplastics are very well suited to producing complicated molded parts. Different procedures are known for this.
  • thermoplastic synthetic peat can be in the form of pellets and is melted in appropriate injection molding machines and filled into the injection mold under pressure. Such molded parts have only a limited strength, which results solely from the properties of the thermoplastic. However, the injection molding process has so far essentially only been able to produce parts which do not have an excessively unfavorable ratio between the wall thickness and the area of the wall in question.
  • thermoplastic material In the case of less favorable conditions, i.e. parts that are relatively thin in relation to their areal expansion, another procedure is preferred, which consists in first extruding the thermoplastic material as a large film, which is then brought into its final shape in the deep-drawing process. Also these parts have low strength. All that is left to increase the strength is to embed fibers.
  • another technique is used, which consists in embedding long glass fibers in a thermoplastic resin that has not yet fully cured, and in giving this viscous mass in a mold in which the mass is shaped and cured into the appropriate shape.
  • a disadvantage of this process is the limited shelf life of the semi-finished product, which tends to harden completely over time, so that it no longer has the desired, approximately chewing-gum-like consistency. Once cured, it can usually no longer be introduced into complicated shapes.
  • hybrid yarn that consists of approximately 64% carbon fibers and 38% polyamide fibers.
  • This yarn is processed into a textile fabric, for example a knitted fabric.
  • a fiber-reinforced molded body can result from the action of heat while simultaneously pressing the knitted fabric be generated.
  • this hybrid yarn shows an extreme static charge when knitting. The strong electrostatic charge hinders the knitting process, so that knitting or knitting is not practically possible.
  • the hybrid yarn can only be processed into other textile fabrics, such as woven fabrics, scrims and bobbins, i.e. in processes in which the electrostatic charge does not occur or does not interfere.
  • the processing operation cannot vary the mixing ratio between the two materials.
  • the mixing ratio is fixed by the structure of the hybrid yarn.
  • the use of the knitted fabric which consists of threads of two different materials, ensures that comparable amounts of the first and second materials are present in each sufficiently large volume element of the textile fabric.
  • the semi-finished product thus produced can be inserted into any shape that only needs to be heated to melt the thermoplastic second material, that is to bring it to a temperature above the glass transition point, so that it is cohesive, that is to say permanently and firmly with the threads from the first Can connect material. Because of the uniform or uniform distribution of the threads of the second material in the semifinished product, the thermoplastic serving as a binder is already in place inherently at the point where he should glue the threads of the first material together.
  • the semifinished product has the advantage that the mixing ratio between the two materials can be freely selected practically as desired in the processing operation.
  • Any electrostatic charge that might otherwise occur can be prevented by pretreating the electrostatically charging material accordingly before the processing operation. Due to the fact that both materials can be pre-processed separately, knitting problems can be largely avoided.
  • thermoplastic material is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the semi-finished product, the size of the finished product to be manufactured is practically unlimited. By stacking several layers of the semifinished product according to the invention, workpieces of any thickness and of any size can be easily produced.
  • thermoplastic is used.
  • the semi-finished product is not subject to any processing special aging, which would make subsequent processing more difficult. It is also not sticky, and special handling precautions are not necessary, as is the case with some, not fully cured thermoplastics.
  • the semi-finished product consists of individual threads which are essentially not connected to one another, it can also be easily brought into almost any shape. It does not counter any special forces when it is inserted into the shaping tool in question.
  • the second material expediently has a shape memory such that, when heated above a predetermined temperature and then cooled, it maintains the course which it had during the heating. It can thereby be achieved that the structure is predetermined in a certain way during the manufacture of the semi-finished product, whereby, for example, the structure formed by the threads of the first material is held under a predetermined prestress.
  • the first material is preferably not an organic material and can be selected from substances such as metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds.
  • the mechanical structure of the threads of the first material and the threads of the second material can correspond to the mechanical requirements during manufacture, processing or the requirements for the finished product to be chosen.
  • the threads made of the second material are continuous yarns or monofilaments, since the thermoplastic material can be easily brought into this form.
  • continuous fibers can only be produced to a limited extent under certain circumstances, which is why yarns made from staple fibers can be useful there.
  • the long mesh legs in turn result in good strength of the finished product produced from the semifinished product according to the invention.
  • the threads of the first and the second material can either be distributed randomly on the front and the back, as a result of which the thermoplastic material is easily penetrated evenly through the knitted fabric formed from the first threads.
  • a so-called plated product can also be used, in which the thermoplastic thread is only on one side and the non-thermoplastic thread on the other side. If such a semi-finished product is processed into the finished product, a complete penetration of the knitted fabric from the threads of the first material through the thermoplastic material can be prevented by a corresponding brief exposure to heat, whereby the knitted fabric character is retained on one side.
  • the processing of the semi-finished product can be simplified if it is pre-fixed as a flat fabric with a certain internal tension. This pre-fixation can be achieved either by heating the semi-finished product to a temperature at which the second material does not yet bond to other parts of the semi-finished product, but shape memory is already reprogrammed to the state that it takes on during the heating process. Subsequent cooling to ambient temperature then essentially maintains the threads of the second material in which they were brought to the fixing temperature during the heating. Such a semi-finished product is still very elastic.
  • the proportion of threads of the same material depends on the strength of the finished product or the proportion of binder contained in the finished product.
  • Fig. 1 shows a semi-finished product 20 in the form of a textile fabric which is formed by a right / left knitted fabric.
  • the right / left knitted fabric consists of two threads 4 and 5 made of a first and a second material. These two threads 4 and 5 are knitted together, and that they are inserted into the needles of the respective knitting machine when knitting, that the thread 4 or the thread 5 appears randomly and randomly on the front or right side of the knitted fabric 20.
  • the thread 4 in the left stitch leg 22 is at the front, while it runs in the right stitch leg 23 on the rear side facing away from the viewer.
  • the first material from which the thread 4 is made is preferably not an organic material, but rather a material selected from the substances metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds such as mineral fibers.
  • the thread 5, however, consists of a thermoplastic material. Any plastic is suitable as a thermoplastic material which is suitable for integrally bonding to itself or the material for the first thread 4 by heating. If the adhesion is insufficient, there is also the possibility of coating the first thread 4 with a third material, which serves as an adhesion promoter or bonding bridge between the second material and the first material.
  • the threads 4 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, Monifile, plied yarns or threads, just as the threads 5 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, monofilaments, plied yarns or threads, the type of thread 4 being of the type of thread 5 can deviate.
  • the threads 5 are expediently made of the second material, the thermoplastic, continuous yarns or monofilaments or threads made therefrom, since it is readily possible to produce corresponding continuous filaments.
  • the knitted fabric 20 can be produced as a flat knitted fabric on a flat knitting machine or as a tube on a circular knitting machine. It is expediently fixed by heating immediately after the knitting, a distinction being made between two cases. In one case, the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 is only increased to such an extent that the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material does not yet melt, but just takes on the force-free pattern that the knitted fabric 20 assumes during the fixing due to external forces. Then the knitted fabric 20 is allowed to cool back to room temperature without changing the external forces, whereby the threads 5 made of the thermoplastic are permanently formed into the desired mesh structure. Even when the external prestressing forces are removed, the knitted fabric 20 no longer springs back into its original shape. Such a pre-fixed knitted fabric 20 has practically the original suppleness and can be brought into almost any shape without effort, and practically without wrinkles.
  • pre-fixing is to raise the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 until the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material locally becomes sticky and at the intersection points is integrally bonded to the other threads 4, 5 running above or below it . After cooling to ambient temperature, a tissue which has already been solidified at certain points is obtained, which is considerably stiffer than that which is obtained if the heating temperature is just driven until the shape memory of the thermoplastic is reprogrammed to the other course of the thread 4.
  • the knitted fabric 20 thus obtained can be inserted into a heatable form by the user, which brings the semifinished product 1 to a temperature at which the threads 5 of the second material melt, so that their material is distributed uniformly over the entire surface and thereby the in the embedded material 4 threads 4 of the first material integrally connected to each other by gluing. After cooling, a stiff and solidified molded part, which can also be flat, is obtained.
  • the knitted fabric 20 shown in FIG. 1 can either be the finished product, if it is to form a wallpaper, for example, or it is a semi-finished product from which, as previously described, molded parts can be pressed.
  • the threads consisting of the thermoplastic plastic represent the more evenly distributed binder supply, with the aid of which the reinforcement embedded in the finished molded part is encased from the knitted threads 4.
  • the knitting is carried out in such a way that the stitch legs 22, 23 have a length of greater than 2 mm.
  • the length of the mesh legs 22, 23 is preferably between 2 mm and 12 mm, more preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. Under certain circumstances, particularly good conditions with 6 mm leg length can be achieved.
  • the ratio between the amount of binder to the amount of reinforcing insert can be controlled by the volume ratio between the threads 4 and the threads 5.
  • the thread 4 made of the thermoplastic material is randomly distributed on the front and on the back of the knitted fabric 20, it is produced when the semi-finished product is pressed in the corresponding molded body, a molded body in which the insert runs largely in the middle, ie thermoplastic binder is present on both sides of the insert.
  • the knitted fabric can be produced as a plated product, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the thread 5 is, for example, always only on the right side of the knitted fabric remote from the viewer, while the thread 4 runs on the left side facing the viewer.
  • a simple right / left knitted fabric is shown in each of the two FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This knitted fabric is relatively easy to manufacture even with a large length of the stitch legs.
  • the right / left knitted fabric shown is by no means the only suitable type of binding. Rather, knitted fabrics on the right / right / or left / left and interlockware may also be considered.
  • semi-finished products with comparable properties can also be produced as knitted goods or warp knitted goods.
  • the main advantage of a knitted fabric is that the semi-finished product has a very high tensile strength in the direction parallel to two axes running at an acute angle to one another.
  • the further processing is as described above, with a significant advantage being that the thread 5 or possibly several threads 5 made of thermoplastic material that have been processed have practically no aging, which means that the semi-finished product 20 or 30 can be processed for as long as required Molding is storable.
  • the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material is not sticky at ambient temperature, which is also a considerable advantage in further processing.
  • the mixture ratio is the same everywhere between the thread portion made of the first material and the thread portion made of the second material, namely the thermoplastic, there is the same supply of binder in each volume element of the semi-finished product 20 or 30, formed by the thread 5 made of thermoplastic.
  • the binder only has to cover distances corresponding to the size of the mesh size.

Abstract

A finished, or for mfr. of shaped parts, half-finished prod. (20) comprises a fabric mesh in which one thread (4) has been mfd. from a first and another (5) from a second material, at least the latter being thermoplastic. The second material has a softening temp. (second order transition point) lower than that of the first and when heated beyond a given temp. binds as one with the first material and itself. The two threads are distributed evenly over the sheet surface. Also claimed is a similar prod. but where the first thread is coated with a third material. When heated as before the second material binds as one with the coating and itself. Also claimed is a wall-covering made from the prod.. Pref. the second material has shape memory, i.e. after being heated then cooled it retains the shape it had during heating. The first material is non-organic, e.g. metal, ceramic or other inorganic compound and at least its threads are yarn, spun yarn, endless yarn, a monofil, doubled or twisted yarn and its fibres single or staple. The second material threads can be similarly chosen. The mesh is a knit which has plain stitches on both sides, purl on both sides or plain on one and purl on the other, each stitch being formed from a thread of the first and a thread of the second material. The knit has materials distributed randomly on each side or it is a plated knit, the first material appearing on one side and the second on the other. The knit is pre-stretched in at least one direction, pref. parallel with the stitch wales and fixed in its stretched state. Stitch sides have a length between 2 and 12, pref. 4 and 8, most pref. about 6 mm.

Description

Grundsätzlich eignen sich thermoplastische Kunststoffe sehr gut dazu, komplizierte Formteile herzustellen. Hierzu sind unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen bekannt.In principle, thermoplastics are very well suited to producing complicated molded parts. Different procedures are known for this.

Der thermoplastische Kunststorf kann in Gestalt von Pellets vorliegen und wird in entsprechenden Spritzgußmaschinen aufgeschmolzen und in die Spritzgußform unter Druck eingefüllt. Derartige Formteile haben nur eine begrenzte Festigkeit, die sich ausschließlich aufgrund der Eigenschaften des thermoplastischen Kunststoffes ergibt. Allerdings sind mit dem Spritzgußverfahren bislang im wesentlichen nur Teile hergestellbar, die kein allzu ungünstiges Verhältnis zwischen der Wandstärke und der Fläche der betreffenden Wand aufweisen.The thermoplastic synthetic peat can be in the form of pellets and is melted in appropriate injection molding machines and filled into the injection mold under pressure. Such molded parts have only a limited strength, which results solely from the properties of the thermoplastic. However, the injection molding process has so far essentially only been able to produce parts which do not have an excessively unfavorable ratio between the wall thickness and the area of the wall in question.

Bei ungünstigeren Verhältnissen, also Teilen, die, bezogen auf ihre flächige Ausdehnung, verhältnismäßig dünn sind, wird eine andere Vorgehensweise bevorzugt, die darin besteht, den thermoplastischen Kunststoff zunächst als große Folie zu extrudieren, die sodann im Tiefziehverfahren in die endgültige Gestalt gebracht wird. Auch diese Teile haben eine geringe Festigkeit. Zum Erhöhen der Festigkeit bleibt nichts anderes übrig, als Fasern einzubetten. In diesem Falle wird eine andere Technik angewendet, die darin besteht, daß lange Glasfasern in ein noch nicht vollständig ausgehärtetes thermoplastisches Harz eingebettet werden und diese zähe Masse in eine Form gegeben wird, in der die Masse in die entsprechende Gestalt umgeformt und ausgehärtet wird. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die begrenzte Haltbarkeit des Halbzeugs, das dazu neigt, im Laufe der Zeit vollständig auszuhärten, so daß es nicht mehr die gewünschte, etwa kaugummiartige Konsistenz hat. Im ausgehärteten Zustand kann es in der Regel in komplizierte Formen nicht mehr eingebracht werden.In the case of less favorable conditions, i.e. parts that are relatively thin in relation to their areal expansion, another procedure is preferred, which consists in first extruding the thermoplastic material as a large film, which is then brought into its final shape in the deep-drawing process. Also these parts have low strength. All that is left to increase the strength is to embed fibers. In this case, another technique is used, which consists in embedding long glass fibers in a thermoplastic resin that has not yet fully cured, and in giving this viscous mass in a mold in which the mass is shaped and cured into the appropriate shape. A disadvantage of this process is the limited shelf life of the semi-finished product, which tends to harden completely over time, so that it no longer has the desired, approximately chewing-gum-like consistency. Once cured, it can usually no longer be introduced into complicated shapes.

Es wurde deswegen bereits versucht, in die Form die Fasern einzulegen und anschließend die Form mit dem thermoplastischen Material zu füllen. Auch hierbei sind Probleme aufgetreten, die durch das Fasermaterial hervorgerufen werden, das einerseits von dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff zur Seite gedrückt wird und andererseits eine gleichmäßige Durchdringung verhindert, da das Fasermaterial für den thermoplastischen Kunststoff wie eine Art Filter wirkt.For this reason, attempts have already been made to insert the fibers into the mold and then to fill the mold with the thermoplastic material. Here, too, problems have arisen which are caused by the fiber material, which on the one hand is pushed aside by the thermoplastic material and on the other hand prevents uniform penetration, since the fiber material acts like a type of filter for the thermoplastic material.

Die für großflächige Teile bislang praktikabelste Technik besteht darin, auf einen Formkörper ein Glasgewebe oder Glasrovings Schicht für Schicht aufzulaminieren. Diese Laminiertechnik ist außerordentlich aufwendig und deswegen nur bei von Haus aus teuren Gegenständen einigermaßen rentabel.The most practical technique for large parts so far is to laminate a glass fabric or glass rovings layer by layer onto a molded body. This laminating technique is extremely complex and therefore only reasonably profitable for objects that are expensive from home.

Darüber hinaus ist es aus der DE-A-41 37 406 bekannt, ein Hybridgarn herzustellen, das aus ca. 64% Kohlenstoffasern und 38% Polyamidfasern besteht. Dieses Garn wird zu einem textilen Flächengebilde verarbeitet, beispielsweise ein Gestrick. Durch Wärmeeinwirkung bei gleichzeitigem Pressen des Gestricks kann daraus ein faserverstärkter Formkörper erzeugt werden. Allerdings hat die Praxis gezeigt, daß dieses Hybridgarn eine extreme statische Aufladung beim Stricken zeigt. Die starke elektrostatische Aufladung behindert den Strickvorgang, so daß ein Stricken oder Wirken parktisch nicht möglich ist. Das Hybridgarn kann nur zu anderen textilen Flächengebilden, wie Geweben, Gelegen und Wickelkörpern verarbeitet werden, also in Verfahren, bei denen die elektrostatische Aufladung nicht auftritt oder nicht stört.In addition, it is known from DE-A-41 37 406 to produce a hybrid yarn that consists of approximately 64% carbon fibers and 38% polyamide fibers. This yarn is processed into a textile fabric, for example a knitted fabric. A fiber-reinforced molded body can result from the action of heat while simultaneously pressing the knitted fabric be generated. However, practice has shown that this hybrid yarn shows an extreme static charge when knitting. The strong electrostatic charge hinders the knitting process, so that knitting or knitting is not practically possible. The hybrid yarn can only be processed into other textile fabrics, such as woven fabrics, scrims and bobbins, i.e. in processes in which the electrostatic charge does not occur or does not interfere.

Ferner kann bei dem Hybridgarn der verarbeitende Betrieb das Mischungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Materialien nicht variieren. Das Mischungsverhältnis ist durch den Aufbau des Hybridgarns fest vorgegeben.Furthermore, in the hybrid yarn, the processing operation cannot vary the mixing ratio between the two materials. The mixing ratio is fixed by the structure of the hybrid yarn.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Halbzeug zur Herstellung großflächiger Formteile zu schaffen, das mit geringem Aufwand herstellbar ist.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide a semi-finished product for the production of large-area molded parts which can be produced with little effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Halbzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 bzw. des Anspruches 2 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a semifinished product with the features of claim 1 and claim 2.

Die Verwendung der Maschenware, die aus Fäden zweierlei Materials besteht, sorgt dafür, daß in jedem genügend großen Volumenelement des textilen Flächengebildes vergleichbare Mengen des ersten und des zweiten Materials vorhanden sind. Das so hergestellte Halbzeug kann in beliebige Formen eingelegt werden, die lediglich erwärmt werden müssen, um das thermoplastische zweite Material aufzuschmelzen, d.h. auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Glasumwandlungspunktes zu bringen, so daß es sich stoffschlüssig, d.h. dauerhaft und fest mit den Fäden aus dem ersten Material verbinden kann. Wegen der gleichmäßigen oder gleichförmigen Verteilung der Fäden des zweiten Materials in dem Halbzeug befindet sich der als Bindemittel dienende thermoplastische Kunststoff bereits von Haus aus an derjenigen Stelle, an der er die Fäden des ersten Materials miteinander verkleben soll. Er braucht keine weiten Strecken zu fließen, da unmittelbar das Bindemittel in Gestalt der Fäden aus dem zweiten Material bereitsteht. Deformationen des textilen Flächengebildes durch Fließen des thermoplastischen Materials sind dadurch ebenso ausgeschlossen wie Fehlstellen, hervorgerufen durch einen Mangel an thermoplastischem Kunststoff zum Verbinden der Fäden aus dem ersten Material.The use of the knitted fabric, which consists of threads of two different materials, ensures that comparable amounts of the first and second materials are present in each sufficiently large volume element of the textile fabric. The semi-finished product thus produced can be inserted into any shape that only needs to be heated to melt the thermoplastic second material, that is to bring it to a temperature above the glass transition point, so that it is cohesive, that is to say permanently and firmly with the threads from the first Can connect material. Because of the uniform or uniform distribution of the threads of the second material in the semifinished product, the thermoplastic serving as a binder is already in place inherently at the point where he should glue the threads of the first material together. It does not have to flow long distances because the binder is immediately available in the form of the threads made of the second material. Deformations of the textile fabric by flowing the thermoplastic material are thereby excluded, as are defects, caused by a lack of thermoplastic material for connecting the threads made of the first material.

Ferner hat das Halbzeug den Vorteil, daß das Mischungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Materialien im verarbeitenden Betrieb praktisch beliebig frei wählbar ist.Furthermore, the semifinished product has the advantage that the mixing ratio between the two materials can be freely selected practically as desired in the processing operation.

Eventuell sonst auftretende elektrostatische Aufladung kann dadurch verhindert werden, daß das sich elektrostatisch aufladende Material vor dem Verarbeitungsvorgang entsprechend vorbehandelt wird. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß beide Materialien getrennt vorbearbeitet werden können, lassen sich Probleme beim Verstricken weitgehend verhindern.Any electrostatic charge that might otherwise occur can be prevented by pretreating the electrostatically charging material accordingly before the processing operation. Due to the fact that both materials can be pre-processed separately, knitting problems can be largely avoided.

Da der thermoplastische Kunststoff über die gesamte Fläche des Halbzeugs gleichmäßig verteilt zur Verfügung steht, ist die Größe des herzustellenden Fertigfabrikats praktisch unbegrenzt. Durch Übereinanderlegen mehrerer Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs können beliebig starke und in der Fläche beliebig große Werkstücke ohne weiteres hergestellt werden.Since the thermoplastic material is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the semi-finished product, the size of the finished product to be manufactured is practically unlimited. By stacking several layers of the semifinished product according to the invention, workpieces of any thickness and of any size can be easily produced.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs besteht darin, daß fertig ausgehärteter und somit dauerhafter thermoplastischer Kunststoff verwendet wird. Das Halbzeug unterliegt vor der Verarbeitung keiner besonderen Alterung, die eine nachträgliche Verarbeitung erschweren würde. Es ist auch weder klebrig, noch sind besondere Vorsichtsmaßnahmen bei der Handhabung notwendig, wie dies bei manchen, nicht vollständig ausgehärteten Thermoplasten der Fall ist.Another significant advantage of the semi-finished product according to the invention is that fully cured and thus durable thermoplastic is used. The semi-finished product is not subject to any processing special aging, which would make subsequent processing more difficult. It is also not sticky, and special handling precautions are not necessary, as is the case with some, not fully cured thermoplastics.

Da das Halbzeug aus im wesentlichen nicht miteinander verbundenen einzelnen Fäden besteht, kann es auch leicht in nahezu jede beliebige Form gebracht werden. Einem Umformen beim Einlegen in das betreffende Formgebungswerkzeug setzt es keine besonderen Kräfte entgegen.Since the semi-finished product consists of individual threads which are essentially not connected to one another, it can also be easily brought into almost any shape. It does not counter any special forces when it is inserted into the shaping tool in question.

Falls aus bestimmten anderen Gesichtspunkten heraus für das erste Material ein Stoff in Frage kommt, der sich nicht unmittelbar mit dem zweiten Material stoffschlüssig verbindet, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Fäden des ersten Materials mit einem als Haftvermittler dienenden dritten Material vor der Verarbeitung zu beschichten.If, from certain other points of view, a material comes into question for the first material that does not bond directly to the second material, it is possible to coat the threads of the first material with a third material serving as an adhesion promoter before processing.

Zweckmäßigerweise hat das zweite Material ein Formgedächtnis, derart, daß es bei Erwärmung über eine vorbestimmte Temperatur und anschließende Abkühlung den Verlauf beibehält, den es während der Erwärmung inne hatte. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, daß bei der Herstellung des Halbzeugs die Struktur in bestimmter Weise vorher festgelegt wird, wodurch beispielsweise die von den Fäden des ersten Materials gebildete Struktur unter einer vorbestimmten Vorspannung gehalten werden.The second material expediently has a shape memory such that, when heated above a predetermined temperature and then cooled, it maintains the course which it had during the heating. It can thereby be achieved that the structure is predetermined in a certain way during the manufacture of the semi-finished product, whereby, for example, the structure formed by the threads of the first material is held under a predetermined prestress.

Das erste Material ist vorzugsweise kein organisches Material und kann aus Stoffen wie Metall, Keramik oder anderen anorganischen Verbindungen ausgewählt sein.The first material is preferably not an organic material and can be selected from substances such as metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds.

Der mechanische Aufbau der Fäden des ersten Materials und der Fäden des zweiten Materials kann entsprechend den mechanischen Anforderungen bei der Herstellung, Verarbeitung oder den Anforderungen an das Fertigprodukt ausgewählt werden. So ist es beispielsweise besonders einfach, wenn die Fäden aus dem zweiten Material Endlosgarne oder Monofile sind, da sich der thermoplastische Kunststoff ohne weiteres in diese Form bringen läßt. Bei Karbonfasern oder ähnlichen Fasern sind Endlosfasern unter Umständen nur bedingt herstellbar, weshalb Garne aus Stapelfasern dort zweckmäßig sein können.The mechanical structure of the threads of the first material and the threads of the second material can correspond to the mechanical requirements during manufacture, processing or the requirements for the finished product to be chosen. For example, it is particularly simple if the threads made of the second material are continuous yarns or monofilaments, since the thermoplastic material can be easily brought into this form. In the case of carbon fibers or similar fibers, continuous fibers can only be produced to a limited extent under certain circumstances, which is why yarns made from staple fibers can be useful there.

Für die Gestricke oder Gewirke kommen grundsätzlich alle Bindungsarten in Frage, wobei einfache Bindungsarten bevorzugt werden, weil sie die geringste Anzahl von Kreuzungspunkten im Bereich der Maschen aufweisen. Wegen der einfacheren Verarbeitung wird einfaches rechts/links Gestrick bevorzugt, weil bei diesem Gestrick ohne weiteres lange Maschenschenkel erzeugt werden können.In principle, all types of weave can be used for the knitted or knitted fabrics, simple weave types being preferred because they have the lowest number of crossing points in the area of the stitches. Because of the simpler processing, simple right / left knitted fabric is preferred, because long knitted stitches can easily be produced with this knitted fabric.

Die langen Maschenschenkel wiederum ergeben eine gute Festigkeit des aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeug hergestellten Fertigproduktes.The long mesh legs in turn result in good strength of the finished product produced from the semifinished product according to the invention.

Bei der Maschenware können die Fäden aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Material entweder zufällig verteilt an der Vorder- und der Rückseite liegen, wodurch eine leichte gleichmäßige Durchdringung des aus den ersten Fäden gebildeten Gestricks mit dem thermoplastischen Material erzielt wird. Andererseits kann auch eine sogenannte platierte Ware verwendet werden, bei der sich der thermoplastische Faden ausschließlich auf einer und der nichtthermoplastische Faden auf der anderen Seite befindet. Wird ein solches Halbzeug zum Fertigprodukt verarbeitet, kann durch entsprechende kurze Einwirkung von Wärme eine vollständige Durchdringung des Gestricks aus den Fäden des ersten Materials durch den thermoplastischen Kunststoff verhindert werden, wodurch auf einer Seite der Gestrickcharakter erhalten bleibt.In the case of the knitted fabric, the threads of the first and the second material can either be distributed randomly on the front and the back, as a result of which the thermoplastic material is easily penetrated evenly through the knitted fabric formed from the first threads. On the other hand, a so-called plated product can also be used, in which the thermoplastic thread is only on one side and the non-thermoplastic thread on the other side. If such a semi-finished product is processed into the finished product, a complete penetration of the knitted fabric from the threads of the first material through the thermoplastic material can be prevented by a corresponding brief exposure to heat, whereby the knitted fabric character is retained on one side.

Die Verarbeitung des Halbzeugs läßt sich vereinfachen, wenn es als eben liegendes Flächengebilde mit einer gewissen inneren Spannung vorfixiert ist. Diese Vorfixierung läßt sich entweder erreichen, indem das Halbzeug auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, bei der das zweite Material sich noch nicht stoffschlüssig mit anderen Teilen des Halbzeugs verbindet, aber bereits Formgedächtnis auf den Zustand umprogrammiert wird, den es während der Erwärmung einnimmt. Durch anschließendes Abkühlenlassen auf Umgebungstemperatur behalten dann die Fäden des zweiten Materials im wesentlichen ihre Gestalt, in die sie während des Erwärmens auf die Fixiertemperatur gebracht wurden. Ein solches Halbzeug ist nach wie vor sehr elastisch.The processing of the semi-finished product can be simplified if it is pre-fixed as a flat fabric with a certain internal tension. This pre-fixation can be achieved either by heating the semi-finished product to a temperature at which the second material does not yet bond to other parts of the semi-finished product, but shape memory is already reprogrammed to the state that it takes on during the heating process. Subsequent cooling to ambient temperature then essentially maintains the threads of the second material in which they were brought to the fixing temperature during the heating. Such a semi-finished product is still very elastic.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Temperatur beim Fixieren weiter zu erhöhen, so weit, bis bereits Teile der Fäden des zweiten Materials beginnen, sich stoffschlüssig mit anderen Teilen des Halbzeugs zu verbinden. Hierdurch entsteht eine punktuelle Verbindung der Fäden des zweiten Materials mit sich selbst oder mit Fäden des ersten Materials. Nach dem Abkühlen auf die Umgebungstemperatur wird wegen der punktuellen Verbindung ein vergleichsweise recht steifes Halbzeug erhalten,das aber dennoch eine begrenzte Beweglichkeit hat und ohne Schaden auch in komplizierte Formen eingelegt werden kann, insbesondere dann, wenn während des Einlegens gleichzeitig durch Heizen die Fixierpunkte wiederum gelöst werden.There is also the possibility of further increasing the temperature during fixing until parts of the threads of the second material already begin to bond with other parts of the semi-finished product. This creates a selective connection of the threads of the second material with itself or with threads of the first material. After cooling to the ambient temperature, a comparatively stiff semi-finished product is obtained due to the point connection, but it still has limited mobility and can be inserted into complicated shapes without damage, especially if the fixing points are in turn loosened by heating during insertion will.

Der Anteil an Fäden gleichen Materials richtet sich nach der Festigkeit des Fertigproduktes bzw. dem im Fertigprodukt enthaltenen Bindemittelanteil.The proportion of threads of the same material depends on the strength of the finished product or the proportion of binder contained in the finished product.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Halbzeug in Gestalt eines rechts/links Gestricks mit zufälligem Verlauf der Fäden des zweiten Materials und
Fig. 2
ein Halbzeug in Gestalt eines rechts/links Gestricks.
Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a semifinished product in the form of a right / left knitted fabric with a random course of the threads of the second material and
Fig. 2
a semi-finished product in the form of a right / left knitted fabric.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Halbzeug 20 in Gestalt eines textilen Flächengebildes, das von einem rechts/links Gestrick gebildet ist. Das rechts/links Gestrick besteht aus zwei Fäden 4 und 5 aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Material. Diese beiden Fäden 4 und 5 sind gemeinsam verstrickt, und zwar werden sie beim Verstricken so in die Nadeln der jeweiligen Strickmaschine eingelegt, daß willkürlich und zufällig verteilt der Faden 4 oder der Faden 5 an der Vorder- oder rechten Seite des Gestrickes 20 erscheint. So ist beispielsweise bei einer Masche 21 der Faden 4 im linken Maschenschenkel 22 vorne, während er im rechten Maschenschenkel 23 an der vom Betrachter abgewandten Rückseite verläuft.Fig. 1 shows a semi-finished product 20 in the form of a textile fabric which is formed by a right / left knitted fabric. The right / left knitted fabric consists of two threads 4 and 5 made of a first and a second material. These two threads 4 and 5 are knitted together, and that they are inserted into the needles of the respective knitting machine when knitting, that the thread 4 or the thread 5 appears randomly and randomly on the front or right side of the knitted fabric 20. For example, in the case of a stitch 21, the thread 4 in the left stitch leg 22 is at the front, while it runs in the right stitch leg 23 on the rear side facing away from the viewer.

Das erste Material, aus dem der Faden 4 besteht, ist bevorzugt kein organisches Material, sondern ein Material, das aus den Stoffen Metall, Keramik oder sonstige anorganische Verbindungen wie Mineralfasern ausgewählt ist. Der Faden 5 dagegen besteht aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff. Als thermoplastisches Material kommt jeder Kunststoff in Frage, der geeignet ist, sich durch Erwärmen stoffschlüssig mit sich selbst oder dem Material für den ersten Faden 4 zu verbinden. Falls die Haftung unzureichend ist, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, den ersten Faden 4 mit einem dritten Material zu beschichten, das als Haftvermittler oder Haftbrücke zwischen dem zweiten Material und dem ersten Material dient.The first material from which the thread 4 is made is preferably not an organic material, but rather a material selected from the substances metal, ceramic or other inorganic compounds such as mineral fibers. The thread 5, however, consists of a thermoplastic material. Any plastic is suitable as a thermoplastic material which is suitable for integrally bonding to itself or the material for the first thread 4 by heating. If the adhesion is insufficient, there is also the possibility of coating the first thread 4 with a third material, which serves as an adhesion promoter or bonding bridge between the second material and the first material.

Die Fäden 4 können Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monifile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sein, ebenso wie die Fäden 5 Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monofile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sein können, wobei die Art des Fadens 4 von der Art des Fadens 5 abweichen kann. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Fäden 5 aus dem zweiten Material, dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, Endlosgarne oder Monofile oder daraus hergestellte Zwirne, da es ohne weiteres möglich ist, entsprechende Endlosfilamente herzustellen.The threads 4 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, Monifile, plied yarns or threads, just as the threads 5 can be yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, monofilaments, plied yarns or threads, the type of thread 4 being of the type of thread 5 can deviate. The threads 5 are expediently made of the second material, the thermoplastic, continuous yarns or monofilaments or threads made therefrom, since it is readily possible to produce corresponding continuous filaments.

Das Gestrick 20 kann als Flachgestrick auf einer Flachstrickmaschine oder als Schlauch auf einer Rundstrickmaschine erzeugt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird es unmittelbar nach dem Stricken durch Erwärmen fixiert, wobei zwei Fälle unterschieden werden können. Im einen Fall wird beim Fixieren die Temperatur des Gestricks 20 nur so weit erhöht, daß der aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehende Faden 5 noch nicht aufschmilzt, sondern gerade eben kräftefrei den Verlauf annimmt, den das Gestrick 20 während des Fixierens aufgrund außen angreifender Kräfte annimmt. Sodann läßt man das Gestrick 20,ohne die von außen angreifenden Kräfte zu verändern, sich wieder auf Raumtemperatur abkühlen, womit die Fäden 5 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff dauerhaft in die gewünschte Maschenstruktur umgeformt sind. Selbst beim Wegnehmen der äußeren Vorspannkräfte springt das Gestrick 20 nicht mehr in seine ursprüngliche Gestalt zurück. Ein solcher maßen vorfixiertes Gestrick 20 hat praktisch die ursprüngliche Schmiegsamkeit und läßt sich ohne Kraftaufwand in nahezu jede beliebige Form bringen,und das praktisch faltenfrei.The knitted fabric 20 can be produced as a flat knitted fabric on a flat knitting machine or as a tube on a circular knitting machine. It is expediently fixed by heating immediately after the knitting, a distinction being made between two cases. In one case, the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 is only increased to such an extent that the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material does not yet melt, but just takes on the force-free pattern that the knitted fabric 20 assumes during the fixing due to external forces. Then the knitted fabric 20 is allowed to cool back to room temperature without changing the external forces, whereby the threads 5 made of the thermoplastic are permanently formed into the desired mesh structure. Even when the external prestressing forces are removed, the knitted fabric 20 no longer springs back into its original shape. Such a pre-fixed knitted fabric 20 has practically the original suppleness and can be brought into almost any shape without effort, and practically without wrinkles.

Eine andere Möglichkeit der Vorfixierung besteht darin, die Temperatur des Gestricks 20 so weit zu erhöhen, bis lokal der Faden 5 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff an der Oberfläche klebrig wird und sich an den Kreuzungsstellen mit den darüber oder darunter verlaufenden anderen Fäden 4, 5 stoffschlüssig verbindet. Nach dem Abkühlen auf Umgebungstemperatur ist ein punktuell bereits verfestigtes Gewebe erhalten, das wesentlich steifer ist als das, das erhalten wird, wenn die Erwärmungstemperatur gerade nur so weit getrieben wird, bis das Formgedächtnis des thermoplastischen Kunststoffes auf den anderen Verlauf des Fadens 4 umprogrammiert wird.Another possibility of pre-fixing is to raise the temperature of the knitted fabric 20 until the thread 5 made of the thermoplastic material locally becomes sticky and at the intersection points is integrally bonded to the other threads 4, 5 running above or below it . After cooling to ambient temperature, a tissue which has already been solidified at certain points is obtained, which is considerably stiffer than that which is obtained if the heating temperature is just driven until the shape memory of the thermoplastic is reprogrammed to the other course of the thread 4.

Das so erhaltene Gestrick 20 kann beim Verwender in eine beheizbare Form eingelegt werden, die das Halbzeug 1 auf eine Temperatur bringt, bei der die Fäden 5 aus dem zweiten Material aufschmelzen, so daß sich deren Material gleichmäßig über die gesamte Fläche verteilt und dadurch die in dem aufgeschmolzenen Material eingebetteten Fäden 4 aus dem ersten Material stoffschlüssig miteinander durch Verkleben verbindet. Nach dem Erkalten wird ein in sich steifes und verfestigtes Formteil, das auch eben sein kann, erhalten.The knitted fabric 20 thus obtained can be inserted into a heatable form by the user, which brings the semifinished product 1 to a temperature at which the threads 5 of the second material melt, so that their material is distributed uniformly over the entire surface and thereby the in the embedded material 4 threads 4 of the first material integrally connected to each other by gluing. After cooling, a stiff and solidified molded part, which can also be flat, is obtained.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Gestrick 20 kann entweder das Fertigprodukt sein, wenn es beispielsweise eine Tapete bilden soll oder es ist ein Halbzeug, aus dem, wie vorher beschrieben, Formteile gepreßt werden können. Beim Pressen stellen aie aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehenden Fäden den gleichmäßiger verteilten Bindemittelvorrat dar, mit dessen Hilfe die im fertigen Formteil eingebettete Verstärkung aus den verstrickten Fäden 4 eingehüllt ist.The knitted fabric 20 shown in FIG. 1 can either be the finished product, if it is to form a wallpaper, for example, or it is a semi-finished product from which, as previously described, molded parts can be pressed. During pressing, the threads consisting of the thermoplastic plastic represent the more evenly distributed binder supply, with the aid of which the reinforcement embedded in the finished molded part is encased from the knitted threads 4.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß besonders feste Formteile erhalten werden können, wenn das Stricken so erfolgt, daß die Maschenschenkel 22, 23 eine Länge von größer 2 mm aufweisen. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Länge der Maschenschenkel 22, 23 zwischen 2 mm und 12 mm, besser zwischen 4 mm und 8 mm. Unter bestimmten Umständen können besonders gute Verhältnisse mit 6 mm Schenkellänge erzielt werden.It has been shown that particularly strong molded parts can be obtained if the knitting is carried out in such a way that the stitch legs 22, 23 have a length of greater than 2 mm. The length of the mesh legs 22, 23 is preferably between 2 mm and 12 mm, more preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. Under certain circumstances, particularly good conditions with 6 mm leg length can be achieved.

Wie vorerwähnt, kann das Verhältnis zwischen der Menge an Bindemittel zu der Menge an Verstärkungseinlage durch das Volumenverhältnis zwischen den Fäden 4 und den Fäden 5 gesteuert bzw. eingestellt werden.As mentioned above, the ratio between the amount of binder to the amount of reinforcing insert can be controlled by the volume ratio between the threads 4 and the threads 5.

Weil der Faden 4 aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff zufällig verteilt an der Vorder- und an der Rückseite des Gestricks 20 liegt, entsteht beim Pressen des Halbzeugs in den entsprechenden Formkörper ein Formkörper, bei dem die Einlage weitgehend in der Mitte verläuft, d.h. an beiden Seiten der Einlage ist thermoplastisches Bindemittel vorhanden.Because the thread 4 made of the thermoplastic material is randomly distributed on the front and on the back of the knitted fabric 20, it is produced when the semi-finished product is pressed in the corresponding molded body, a molded body in which the insert runs largely in the middle, ie thermoplastic binder is present on both sides of the insert.

Wenn es gewünscht ist, daß das Bindemittel sich vorzugsweise auf einer Seite des Formteils befindet, während die andere Seite von dem Bindemittel weitgehend frei ist, kann das Gestrick als platierte Ware hergestellt werden, wie dies in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist. Bei diesem Gestrick 30 liegt der Faden 5 beispielsweise immer nur an der vom Betrachter abliegenden rechten Seite des Gestricks, während der Faden 4 an der dem Betrachter zugekehrten linken Seite verläuft.If it is desired that the binder is preferably on one side of the molded part, while the other side is largely free of the binder, the knitted fabric can be produced as a plated product, as shown in FIG. 3. In this knitted fabric 30, the thread 5 is, for example, always only on the right side of the knitted fabric remote from the viewer, while the thread 4 runs on the left side facing the viewer.

In den beiden Fig. 1 und 2 ist jeweils ein einfaches rechts/links Gestrick gezeigt. Dieses Gestrick ist auch mit großer Länge der Maschenschenkel verhältnismäßig einfach herzustellen. Allerdings ist das gezeigte rechts/links Gestrick keineswegs die einzige geeignete Bindungsart. Vielmehr kommen auch rechts/rechts/ oder links/links Gestricke sowie gegebenenfalls Interlockware in Betracht. Schließlich versteht sich, daß Halbzeug mit vergleichbaren Eigenschaften auch als Wirkware bzw. Kettenwirkware hergestellt werden kann. Der Vorteil einer Wirkware liegt vor allen Dingen darin, daß das Halbzeug in Richtung parallel zu zwei unter einem spitzen Winkel zueinander verlaufenden Achsen eine recht hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweist.A simple right / left knitted fabric is shown in each of the two FIGS. 1 and 2. This knitted fabric is relatively easy to manufacture even with a large length of the stitch legs. However, the right / left knitted fabric shown is by no means the only suitable type of binding. Rather, knitted fabrics on the right / right / or left / left and interlockware may also be considered. Finally, it goes without saying that semi-finished products with comparable properties can also be produced as knitted goods or warp knitted goods. The main advantage of a knitted fabric is that the semi-finished product has a very high tensile strength in the direction parallel to two axes running at an acute angle to one another.

In jedem Fall ist die Weiterverarbeitung,wie oben beschrieben, wobei ein wesentlicher Vorteil darin besteht, daß der mit verarbeitete Faden 5 oder gegebenenfalls mehrere Fäden 5 aus thermoplastischem Material praktisch keine Alterung aufweisen, womit das Halbzeug 20 oder 30 beliebig lange bis zur Verarbeitung in das Formteil lagerfähig ist. Außerdem ist der Faden 5 aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff bei Umgebungstemperatur nicht klebrig, was bei der Weiterverarbeitung ebenfalls einen erheblichen Vorteil darstellt.In any case, the further processing is as described above, with a significant advantage being that the thread 5 or possibly several threads 5 made of thermoplastic material that have been processed have practically no aging, which means that the semi-finished product 20 or 30 can be processed for as long as required Molding is storable. In addition, the thread 5 made of thermoplastic material is not sticky at ambient temperature, which is also a considerable advantage in further processing.

Wegen des überall gleichen Mischungsverhältnisses zwischen dem Fadenanteil aus dem ersten Material und dem Fadenanteil aus dem zweiten Material, nämlich dem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, besteht in jedem Volumenelement des Halbzeugs 20 oder 30 der gleiche Vorrat an Bindemittel, gebildet durch den Faden 5 aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff. Beim Verpressen braucht das Bindemittel nur Strecken entsprechend der Größe der Maschenweite zurückzulegen. Dadurch können großtechnisch rationell flächige Formteile hergestellt werden, die sonst nur mit Hilfe einer Laminiertechnik produzierbar wären.Because the mixture ratio is the same everywhere between the thread portion made of the first material and the thread portion made of the second material, namely the thermoplastic, there is the same supply of binder in each volume element of the semi-finished product 20 or 30, formed by the thread 5 made of thermoplastic. When pressing, the binder only has to cover distances corresponding to the size of the mesh size. As a result, large-scale, economically shaped parts can be produced that would otherwise only be producible with the aid of a laminating technology.

Claims (24)

Fertigprodukt oder insbesondere zur Herstellung von Formteilen geeignetes Halbzeug (20,30), bestehend aus einer Maschenware, in der wenigstens ein Faden (4) aus einem ersten Material und wenigstens ein Faden (5) aus einem zweiten Material verarbeitet sind,
   wobei zumindest das zweite Material thermoplastisch ist,
   das zweite Material eine Erweichungstemperatur (Glasumwandlungspunkt) aufweist, die niedriger liegt als die Erweichungstemperatur des ersten Materials,
   das zweite Material ein Material ist, das sich bei Erwärmung über eine vorbestimmte Temperatur stoffschlüssig mit dem ersten Material und mit sich selbst verbindet, und
   die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material und die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material über die Fläche des Flächengebildes gleichmäßig verteilt sind.Finished product or semi-finished product (20,30) suitable for the production of molded parts, consisting of a knitted fabric in which at least one thread (4) made of a first material and at least one thread (5) made of a second material are processed,
wherein at least the second material is thermoplastic,
the second material has a softening temperature (glass transition point) which is lower than the softening temperature of the first material,
the second material is a material which integrally bonds to the first material and to itself when heated above a predetermined temperature, and
the threads (4) made of the first material and the threads (5) made of the second material are evenly distributed over the surface of the fabric. Fertigprodukt oder insbesondere zur Herstellung von Formteilen geeignetes Halbzeug (20,30), bestehend aus einer Maschenware, in der wenigstens ein Faden (4) aus einem ersten Material und wenigstens ein Faden (5) aus einem zweiten Material verarbeitet sind,
   wobei die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Masterial mit einem dritten Material beschichtet sind,
   zumindest das zweite Material thermoplastisch ist,
   das zweite Material eine Erweichungstemperatur (Glasumwandlungspunkt) aufweist, die niedriger liegt als die Erweichungstemperatur des ersten Materials,
   das zweite Material ein Material ist, das sich bei Erwärmung über eine vorbestimmte Temperatur stoffschlüssig mit dem dritten Material und mit sich selbst verbindet, und
   die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material und die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material über die Fläche des Flächengebildes gleichmäßig verteilt sind.Finished product or semi-finished product (20,30) suitable for the production of molded parts, consisting of a knitted fabric in which at least one thread (4) made of a first material and at least one thread (5) made of a second material are processed,
the threads (4) of the first masterial being coated with a third material,
at least the second material is thermoplastic,
the second material has a softening temperature (glass transition point) which is lower than the softening temperature of the first material,
the second material is a material which, when heated above a predetermined temperature, integrally bonds with the third material and with itself, and
the threads (4) made of the first material and the threads (5) made of the second material are evenly distributed over the surface of the fabric. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Material ein Formgedächtniss aufweist, derart, daß es bei Erwärmung über eine vorbestimmte Temperatur und anschließender Abkühlung den Verlauf beibehält, den es während der Erwärmung inne hatte.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second material has a shape memory in such a way that when heated above a predetermined temperature and then cooled, it maintains the course which it had during the heating. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Material kein organisches Material ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first material is not an organic material. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Material aus den Stoffen Metall, Keramik und sonstige anorganische Verbindungen ausgewählt ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 4, characterized in that the first material is selected from the substances metal, ceramic and other inorganic compounds. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monofile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sind oder aufweisen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the threads (4) made of the first material are or have yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, monofilaments, plied yarns or twists. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material Einzelfasern oder Stapelfasern aufweisen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 6, characterized in that at least the threads (4) made of the first material have individual fibers or staple fibers. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material gedrehte Garne sind.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the threads (4) are twisted yarns made of the first material. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material Garne, Spinnfasergarne, Endlosgarne, Monofile, gefachte Garne oder Zwirne sind oder aufweisen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the threads (5) made of the second material are or have yarns, spun fiber yarns, continuous yarns, monofilaments, plied yarns or threads. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material Einzelfasern oder Stapelfasern aufweisen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 9, characterized in that at least the threads (5) made of the second material have individual fibers or staple fibers. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material gedrehte Garne sind.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 9, characterized in that at least the threads (5) made of the second material are twisted yarns. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschenware eine Wirkware ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knitted fabric is a knitted fabric. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschenware ein Gestrick (20,30) ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knitted fabric is a knitted fabric (20, 30). Fertigprddukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gestrick (20,30) oder Gewirk ein rechts/links, ein rechts/rechts oder ein links/links Gestrick oder Gewirk ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the knitted fabric (20, 30) or knitted fabric is a right / left, a right / right or a left / left knitted fabric or knitted fabric. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Maschenware (20,30) jede Masche von Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material und von Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material gebildet ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the knitted fabric (20, 30) each stitch is formed by threads (4) made of the first material and threads (5) made of the second material. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Maschenware die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material und die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material zufällig verteilt an der Vorderseite oder an der Rückseite liegen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the knitted fabric the threads (4) made of the first material and the threads (5) made of the second material are randomly distributed on the front or on the back. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschenware eine plattierte Ware ist, bei der die Fäden (4) aus dem ersten Material auf der eine Seite und die Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material auf der anderen Seite der Ware liegen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knitted fabric is a clad product in which the threads (4) made of the first material on one side and the threads (5) made of the second material on the other side of the Goods lie. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschenware (20,30) in zumindest einer Richtung vorgedehnt und in der gedehnten Stellung fixiert ist.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knitted fabric (20, 30) is pre-stretched in at least one direction and fixed in the stretched position. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Richtung parallel zu den Maschenstäbchen liegt.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claims 1 and 18, characterized in that the direction is parallel to the wales. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschen (21) der Maschenware Maschenschenkel (22,23) mit einer Länge zwischen 2 mm und 12 mm vorzugsweise zwischen 4 mm und 8 mm bevorzugt um 6 mm aufweisen.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stitches (21) of the knit fabric have knuckle legs (22, 23) with a length between 2 mm and 12 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, preferably around 6 mm. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Fixieren das textile Flächengebilde (20,30) auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, bei der es eine der Vordehnung entsprechende Gestalt annimmt, die es nach dem Abkühlen auf die Umgebungtemperatur beibehält.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 18, characterized in that for fixing the textile fabric (20, 30) is heated to a temperature at which it assumes a shape corresponding to the pre-stretching, which it maintains after cooling to the ambient temperature. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Fixieren das textile Flächengebilde (20,30) auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, bei der sich zumindest einige Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material stoffschlüssig mit den Fäden (5) aus dem zweiten Material oder dessen Beschichtung verbinden.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 18, characterized in that for fixing, the textile fabric (20, 30) is heated to a temperature at which at least some threads (5) made of the second material are integral with the threads (5) made of the second Connect the material or its coating. Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Volumenanteil an dem zweiten Material bezogen auf den Volumenanteil des ersten Materials zwischen 10% und 60% vorzugsweise zwischen 10% und 40% beträgt.Finished product or semi-finished product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the volume fraction of the second material, based on the volume fraction of the first material, is between 10% and 60%, preferably between 10% and 40%. Tapete bestehend aus einem Fertigprodukt oder Halbzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.Wallpaper consisting of a finished product or semi-finished product according to one or more of the preceding claims.
EP95112661A 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Semi-finished product for composite material Expired - Lifetime EP0758693B1 (en)

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AT95112661T ATE207554T1 (en) 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 SEMI-FINISHED FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL
DE59509754T DE59509754D1 (en) 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Semi-finished product for composite material

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EP95112661A EP0758693B1 (en) 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Semi-finished product for composite material

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EP0758693B1 EP0758693B1 (en) 2001-10-24

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